It was founded in 1852 by Count Andrea Piovene and displays fossils found the same year in the nearby Chiavon (a stream flowing at Breganze).

The museum holds 352 fossils of several species related to the flora, 215 of which come from Chiavon, 69 from Salcedo, and 68 are common to both locations. There are also the famous palm trees, one of which is 9 meters high, and was discovered in 1863, complete with roots, the extraction of which took four years.